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The Fall of Númenor, also known as Akallabêth, is a major event in J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, specifically in the fictional world of Middle-earth. It is a pivotal event that takes place in the later part of the Second Age.

Númenor was a great island kingdom inhabited by the Númenóreans, a race of Men granted long life and great power by the Valar, the divine beings. They were the descendants of Elros, the half-elf, and the ruling line of this kingdom was closely related to the Elves and the divine beings.

Over time, however, the Númenóreans became corrupt and power-hungry. They turned away from the Elves and the Valar and began to desire immortality and dominion over the entire world. This arrogance and rebellion against the divine led to their downfall.

Led by the last king of Númenor, Ar-Pharazôn, the Númenóreans set sail to wage war against Valinor, the realm of the Valar, in a bid to seize immortality. This was an act of great folly and arrogance, for they were ultimately defying the divine powers.

However, the Valar, led by the High King of the Valar, Manwë, intervened. In response to the Númenóreans' rebellion, they called upon the god Eru Ilúvatar, who created the world, to take action. Ilúvatar intervened by reshaping the world, destroying Númenor, and reshaping the surface of Arda (the world).

The wrath of the Valar caused the great island of Númenor to sink beneath the sea, along with the entire armada of the Númenóreans. The destruction of Númenor was so immense that it forever changed the shape of the world, and the world became round instead of flat.

Only a small number of faithful Númenóreans who had not participated in the rebellion survived under the leadership of Elendil and his two sons Isildur and Anárion. They escaped on nine ships and landed in Middle-earth, where they established two kingdoms, Arnor in the north and Gondor in the south.

The Fall of Númenor marked the end of the Second Age and the beginning of the Third Age in Tolkien's legendarium. It had a profound impact on the history of Middle-earth, setting the stage for various events that unfolded in the subsequent ages, including the rise of Sauron and the War of the Ring.